VOCs are organic chemicals in paints, pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, solvents, and many other products. They can also be byproducts of another chemical process, such as water source chlorination. VOCs continuously release gaseous organic compounds. Exposure to these vapors can cause many health problems, including eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, and damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. 

VOCs are common groundwater contaminants. They infiltrate the water system through industrial dumping, leaks, spills, or the use and improper disposal of household products. Households and businesses that rely on well water risk significant exposure if their groundwater is contaminated.